Pterygium, also known as surfer’s eye or pterygium colli, is a benign growth that appears on the conjunctiva, the clear tissue that covers the white part of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelids. It is a common condition that affects people who spend a lot of time outdoors, particularly those who are exposed to intense sunlight, wind, and dust. Pterygium usually appears as a triangular-shaped tissue that grows from the inner corner of the eye towards the center of the cornea, the clear front part of the eye that covers the iris and pupil. It can cause various symptoms, including redness, irritation, itching, and a feeling of foreign body in the eye. In severe cases, it can cause vision impairment, including astigmatism, which is a condition that causes blurred or distorted vision.
Pterygium is more common in people who are over the age of 40 and in those who live in tropical or subtropical regions. It is also more common in men than in women. The exact cause of pterygium is unknown, but it is thought to be related to chronic inflammation and oxidative stress caused by UV radiation, wind, and dust. Other risk factors for pterygium include a family history of the condition, a weakened immune system, and a history of eye injuries or infections.
Pterygium is usually diagnosed during a comprehensive eye exam. The ophthalmologist will examine the eye using a microscope or other instruments and may also perform additional tests, such as a corneal topography, which is a special imaging test that creates a detailed map of the cornea. In some cases, a biopsy may be needed to confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment for pterygium depends on the severity of the condition and the presence of symptoms. In mild cases, treatment may not be necessary, and the condition may resolve on its own. In moderate to severe cases, treatment may involve the use of artificial tears, lubricating ointments, or other medications to relieve symptoms. In cases where the pterygium is causing vision impairment or discomfort, surgery may be recommended.
There are several surgical options for the treatment of pterygium, including excision, conjunctival autograft, and amniotic membrane transplantation. Excision involves the removal of the pterygium and the underlying tissue using a scalpel or laser. Conjunctival autograft involves the removal of the pterygium and the underlying tissue, followed by the transplantation of healthy conjunctival tissue from another part of the eye to cover the area. Amniotic membrane transplantation involves the use of a thin sheet of tissue, called the amniotic membrane, to cover the area where the pterygium was removed.
Recovery from pterygium surgery typically takes several weeks, during which time the patient may experience some discomfort and swelling. It is important to follow the ophthalmologist’s instructions for post-surgical care, including the use of medications and eye drops, to ensure proper healing and minimize the risk of complications.
Prevention of pterygium is important, as the condition can recur even after successful treatment. To reduce the risk of developing pterygium, it is important to protect the eyes from UV radiation and other environmental factors. This can be done by wearing sunglasses or a hat with a brim, and by avoiding prolonged exposure to the sun, particularly during the hours when UV radiation is the strongest. It is also important to maintain good eye hygiene, including regular eye exams and the use of artificial tears to keep the eyes moist and healthy.
If you want to be evaluated and treated by an expert in Pterygium surgery, call our office at 702-362-3900.